[{"Value":"","Discard":false,"Expires":9999999999}]<div x-data="tutorModal({ id: 'certificate-modal' })" x-cloak>
	<template x-teleport="body">
		<div x-bind="getModalBindings()">
			<div x-bind="getBackdropBindings()"></div>
			<div x-bind="getModalContentBindings()" class="tutor-certificate-locked-modal">
				<div class="tutor-flex tutor-justify-center tutor-mb-6">
					<span class="tutor-certificate-locked-badge">
						<svg width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" role="presentation" aria-hidden="true">
<path d="M9.99961 2C11.0605 2 12.0779 2.42143 12.828 3.17157C13.5782 3.92172 13.9996 4.93913 13.9996 6V8.4C14.6361 8.4 15.2466 8.65286 15.6967 9.10294C16.1468 9.55303 16.3996 10.1635 16.3996 10.8V15.6C16.3996 16.2365 16.1468 16.847 15.6967 17.2971C15.2466 17.7471 14.6361 18 13.9996 18H5.99961C5.36309 18 4.75264 17.7471 4.30255 17.2971C3.85247 16.847 3.59961 16.2365 3.59961 15.6V10.8C3.59961 10.1635 3.85247 9.55303 4.30255 9.10294C4.75264 8.65286 5.36309 8.4 5.99961 8.4V6C5.99961 4.93913 6.42104 3.92172 7.17118 3.17157C7.92133 2.42143 8.93874 2 9.99961 2ZM9.99961 11.6C9.59595 11.5999 9.20716 11.7523 8.91117 12.0268C8.61519 12.3013 8.43388 12.6775 8.40361 13.08L8.39961 13.2C8.39961 13.5164 8.49345 13.8258 8.66926 14.0889C8.84507 14.352 9.09495 14.5571 9.38732 14.6782C9.67968 14.7993 10.0014 14.831 10.3118 14.7693C10.6221 14.7075 10.9072 14.5551 11.131 14.3314C11.3547 14.1076 11.5071 13.8225 11.5689 13.5121C11.6306 13.2018 11.5989 12.8801 11.4778 12.5877C11.3567 12.2953 11.1516 12.0455 10.8885 11.8696C10.6254 11.6938 10.3161 11.6 9.99961 11.6ZM9.99961 3.6C9.36309 3.6 8.75264 3.85286 8.30255 4.30294C7.85247 4.75303 7.59961 5.36348 7.59961 6V8.4H12.3996V6C12.3996 5.36348 12.1468 4.75303 11.6967 4.30294C11.2466 3.85286 10.6361 3.6 9.99961 3.6Z" fill="currentColor"/>
</svg>						Certificate Locked					</span>
				</div>
				<div class="tutor-certificate-modal-preview">
					<img src="https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor/assets/images/certificate-preview.png" alt="Certificate preview" class="tutor-w-full" />
					<div class="tutor-certificate-preview-effect">
						<div class="tutor-certificate-preview-lock">
							<svg width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" role="presentation" aria-hidden="true">
<path d="M9.99961 2C11.0605 2 12.0779 2.42143 12.828 3.17157C13.5782 3.92172 13.9996 4.93913 13.9996 6V8.4C14.6361 8.4 15.2466 8.65286 15.6967 9.10294C16.1468 9.55303 16.3996 10.1635 16.3996 10.8V15.6C16.3996 16.2365 16.1468 16.847 15.6967 17.2971C15.2466 17.7471 14.6361 18 13.9996 18H5.99961C5.36309 18 4.75264 17.7471 4.30255 17.2971C3.85247 16.847 3.59961 16.2365 3.59961 15.6V10.8C3.59961 10.1635 3.85247 9.55303 4.30255 9.10294C4.75264 8.65286 5.36309 8.4 5.99961 8.4V6C5.99961 4.93913 6.42104 3.92172 7.17118 3.17157C7.92133 2.42143 8.93874 2 9.99961 2ZM9.99961 11.6C9.59595 11.5999 9.20716 11.7523 8.91117 12.0268C8.61519 12.3013 8.43388 12.6775 8.40361 13.08L8.39961 13.2C8.39961 13.5164 8.49345 13.8258 8.66926 14.0889C8.84507 14.352 9.09495 14.5571 9.38732 14.6782C9.67968 14.7993 10.0014 14.831 10.3118 14.7693C10.6221 14.7075 10.9072 14.5551 11.131 14.3314C11.3547 14.1076 11.5071 13.8225 11.5689 13.5121C11.6306 13.2018 11.5989 12.8801 11.4778 12.5877C11.3567 12.2953 11.1516 12.0455 10.8885 11.8696C10.6254 11.6938 10.3161 11.6 9.99961 11.6ZM9.99961 3.6C9.36309 3.6 8.75264 3.85286 8.30255 4.30294C7.85247 4.75303 7.59961 5.36348 7.59961 6V8.4H12.3996V6C12.3996 5.36348 12.1468 4.75303 11.6967 4.30294C11.2466 3.85286 10.6361 3.6 9.99961 3.6Z" fill="currentColor"/>
</svg>						</div>
					</div>
				</div>
				<h4 class="tutor-h4 tutor-font-medium tutor-sm-text-medium tutor-mb-6 tutor-sm-mb-4">Complete the course to unlock the certificate</h4>
				<div class="tutor-flex tutor-flex-column tutor-gap-4 tutor-mb-8 tutor-sm-mb-6">
					<div class="tutor-flex tutor-items-center tutor-justify-between tutor-medium tutor-sm-text-small tutor-text-secondary">
						<div><span class="tutor-font-semibold tutor-text-primary">0%</span> Completed</div>
						<div>Required <span class="tutor-font-semibold tutor-text-primary">100%</span></div>
					</div>
					<div class="tutor-progress-bar" data-tutor-animated>
						<div class="tutor-progress-bar-fill" style="--tutor-progress-width: 0%;"></div>
					</div>
				</div>
				<button type="button" class="tutor-btn tutor-btn-primary tutor-btn-block" onclick="TutorCore.modal.closeModal('certificate-modal')">
					Okay, I Understand				</button>
			</div>
		</div>
	</template>
</div>
<!DOCTYPE html>
	<html lang="en-US">
	<head>
		<meta charset="UTF-8">
		<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
		<title>Lecture 5 - Chembridge</title>
<meta name='robots' content='max-image-preview:large' />
<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//fonts.googleapis.com' />
<link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Chembridge &raquo; Feed" href="https://chembridge.org/feed/" />
<link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Chembridge &raquo; Comments Feed" href="https://chembridge.org/comments/feed/" />
<link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Chembridge &raquo; Lecture 5 Comments Feed" href="https://chembridge.org/courses/as-level-organic-chemistry/lessons/lecture-5-8-2/feed/" />
<link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://chembridge.org/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fchembridge.org%2Fcourses%2Fas-level-organic-chemistry%2Flessons%2Flecture-5-8-2%2F" />
<link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://chembridge.org/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fchembridge.org%2Fcourses%2Fas-level-organic-chemistry%2Flessons%2Flecture-5-8-2%2F&#038;format=xml" />
<style id="wp-img-auto-sizes-contain-inline-css">
img:is([sizes=auto i],[sizes^="auto," i]){contain-intrinsic-size:3000px 1500px}
/*# sourceURL=wp-img-auto-sizes-contain-inline-css */
</style>

<style id="wp-emoji-styles-inline-css">

	img.wp-smiley, img.emoji {
		display: inline !important;
		border: none !important;
		box-shadow: none !important;
		height: 1em !important;
		width: 1em !important;
		margin: 0 0.07em !important;
		vertical-align: -0.1em !important;
		background: none !important;
		padding: 0 !important;
	}
/*# sourceURL=wp-emoji-styles-inline-css */
</style>
<link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://chembridge.org/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=7.1' media='all' />
<style id="classic-theme-styles-inline-css">
/*! This file is auto-generated */
.wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none}
/*# sourceURL=/wp-includes/css/classic-themes.min.css */
</style>
<style id="global-styles-inline-css">
:root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(6,147,227) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(252,185,0) 0%,rgb(255,105,0) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,105,0) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgb(255, 255, 255), 6px 6px rgb(0, 0, 0);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgb(0, 0, 0);}.wp-block-button{--wp--preset--dimension--25: 25%;--wp--preset--dimension--50: 50%;--wp--preset--dimension--75: 75%;--wp--preset--dimension--100: 100%;}:where(body) { margin: 0; }:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body{padding-top: 0px;padding-right: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;}:root :where(.wp-element-button, .wp-block-button__link){background-color: #32373c;border-width: 0;color: #fff;font-family: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;letter-spacing: inherit;line-height: inherit;padding-top: calc(0.667em + 2px);padding-right: calc(1.333em + 2px);padding-bottom: calc(0.667em + 2px);padding-left: calc(1.333em + 2px);text-decoration: none;text-transform: inherit;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;}
:root :where(.wp-block-icon svg){width: 24px;}
:where(.wp-block-gallery.is-layout-flex){gap: var( --wp--style--gallery-gap-default, var( --gallery-block--gutter-size, var( --wp--style--block-gap, 0.5em ) ) );}:where(.wp-block-gallery.is-layout-grid){gap: var( --wp--style--gallery-gap-default, var( --gallery-block--gutter-size, var( --wp--style--block-gap, 0.5em ) ) );}
:where(.wp-block-latest-posts.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-latest-posts.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}
:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}
:where(.wp-block-term-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-term-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}
:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}
:root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;}
/*# sourceURL=global-styles-inline-css */
</style>
<link rel='stylesheet' id='fontello-css' href='https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/pixelwars-core-shortcodes/themes/global/css/fonts/fontello/css/fontello.css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='pixelwars-core-shortcodes-css' href='https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/pixelwars-core-shortcodes/themes/global/css/shortcodes.css' media='all' />
<link rel='preload' as='style' onload="this.onload=null;this.rel='stylesheet'" id='tutor-google-fonts-css' href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Inter:wght@300;400;500;600;700&#038;display=swap&#038;ver=4.0.7' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='tutor-core-css' href='https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor/assets/css/tutor-core.min.css?ver=4.0.7' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='tutor-learning-css' href='https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor/assets/css/tutor-learning-area.min.css?ver=4.0.7' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='tutor-plyr-css' href='https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor/assets/lib/plyr/plyr.css?ver=4.0.7' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='tutor-prism-css-css' href='https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor-pro/assets/lib/codesample/prism.css?ver=4.0.7' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='tutor-pro-front-css' href='https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor-pro/assets/css/front.css?ver=4.0.7' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='tutor-pro-learning-area-notes-css' href='https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor-pro/assets/css/learning-area-notes.css?ver=4.0.3' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='tutor-content-drip-css' href='https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor-pro/addons/content-drip/assets/css/content-drip.css?ver=4.0.3' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='tutor-course-bundle-frontend-css' href='https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor-pro/addons/course-bundle/assets/css/frontend.css?ver=4.0.7' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='enrollment-frontend-css-css' href='https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor-pro/addons/enrollments/assets/css/enroll.css?ver=4.0.3' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='woocommerce-layout-css' href='https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/assets/css/woocommerce-layout.css?ver=11.1.0' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='woocommerce-smallscreen-css' href='https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/assets/css/woocommerce-smallscreen.css?ver=11.1.0' media='only screen and (max-width: 768px)' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='woocommerce-general-css' href='https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/assets/css/woocommerce.css?ver=11.1.0' media='all' />
<style id="woocommerce-inline-inline-css">
.woocommerce form .form-row .required { visibility: visible; }
/*# sourceURL=woocommerce-inline-inline-css */
</style>
<link rel='stylesheet' id='wpforo-widgets-css' href='https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/wpforo/themes/2026/widgets.css?ver=3.1.5' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='efor-font-this-july-css' href='https://chembridge.org/wp-content/themes/efor/css/fonts/this-july/stylesheet.css?ver=7.1' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='efor-font-jost-css' href='https://chembridge.org/wp-content/themes/efor/css/fonts/jost/stylesheet.css?ver=7.1' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='efor-font-now-css' href='https://chembridge.org/wp-content/themes/efor/css/fonts/now/stylesheet.css?ver=7.1' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='efor-font-space-grotesk-css' href='https://chembridge.org/wp-content/themes/efor/css/fonts/space-grotesk/stylesheet.css?ver=7.1' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='efor-font-texgyreadventor-css' href='https://chembridge.org/wp-content/themes/efor/css/fonts/texgyreadventor/stylesheet.css?ver=7.1' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='efor-fonts-css' href='//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Poppins%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i&#038;ver=7.1' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='normalize-css' href='https://chembridge.org/wp-content/themes/efor/css/normalize.css?ver=7.1' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='bootstrap-css' href='https://chembridge.org/wp-content/themes/efor/css/bootstrap.css?ver=7.1' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='fluidbox-css' href='https://chembridge.org/wp-content/themes/efor/js/fluidbox/fluidbox.css?ver=7.1' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='magnific-popup-css' href='https://chembridge.org/wp-content/themes/efor/js/jquery.magnific-popup/magnific-popup.css?ver=7.1' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='owl-carousel-css' href='https://chembridge.org/wp-content/themes/efor/js/owl-carousel/owl.carousel.css?ver=7.1' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='efor-main-css' href='https://chembridge.org/wp-content/themes/efor/css/main.css?ver=7.1' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='efor-768-css' href='https://chembridge.org/wp-content/themes/efor/css/768.css?ver=7.1' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='efor-992-css' href='https://chembridge.org/wp-content/themes/efor/css/992.css?ver=7.1' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='efor-efor-css' href='https://chembridge.org/wp-content/themes/efor/css/efor.css?ver=7.1' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='efor-tutor-css' href='https://chembridge.org/wp-content/themes/efor/css/tutor.css?ver=7.1' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='efor-style-css' href='https://chembridge.org/wp-content/themes/efor/style.css?ver=7.1' media='all' />
<style id="efor-style-inline-css">
.site-title { font-family: 'This July', sans-serif; }

.nav-menu, .entry-meta, .owl-nav, label, .page-links, .navigation, .entry-title i, .site-info, .filters { font-family: 'Jost*', sans-serif; }

.widget-title { font-family: 'Now', sans-serif; }

h1, .entry-title, .footer-subscribe h3, .widget_categories ul li, .widget_recent_entries ul li a, .widget_pages ul li, .widget_nav_menu ul li, .widget_archive ul li, .widget_most_recommended_posts ul li a, .widget_calendar table caption, .tptn_title, .nav-single a, .widget_recent_comments ul li, .widget_product_categories ul li, .widget_meta ul li, .widget_rss ul a.rsswidget { font-family: 'Space Grotesk', sans-serif; }

h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, blockquote, .tab-titles { font-family: 'Space Grotesk', sans-serif; }

.slider-box .entry-title { font-family: 'TeXGyreAdventor', sans-serif; }

body { font-family: 'Now', sans-serif; }

.link-box .entry-title { font-family: 'Poppins'; }

.site-description { font-family: 'Jost*', sans-serif; }

@media screen and (min-width: 992px) { .site-header .site-title { font-size: 50px; } }

@media screen and (min-width: 992px) { .is-header-smaller .site-header.clone .site-title { font-size: 44px; } }

@media screen and (max-width: 991px) { .site-header .site-title { font-size: 16px; } }

@media screen and (min-width: 992px) { h1 { font-size: 58px; } }

@media screen and (min-width: 992px) { html { font-size: 14px; } }

@media screen and (max-width: 991px) { html { font-size: 13px; } }

@media screen and (min-width: 992px) { .nav-menu > ul { font-size: 17px; } }

@media screen and (min-width: 992px) { .blog-stream .entry-content { font-size: 16px; } }

@media screen and (min-width: 992px) { .sidebar { font-size: 14px; } }

.widget-title { font-size: 11px; }

@media screen and (min-width: 992px) { .nav-menu ul ul { font-size: 12px; } }

.entry-meta { font-size: 13px; }

.site-footer .site-info { font-size: 14px; }

.site-title { font-weight: 400; }

h1, .entry-title, .footer-subscribe h3 { font-weight: 700; }

h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, blockquote, .comment-meta .fn { font-weight: 700; }

.slider-box .entry-title { font-weight: 700; }

.widget-title { font-weight: 500; }

@media screen and (min-width: 992px) { .nav-menu > ul { font-weight: 500; } }

@media screen and (min-width: 992px) { .nav-menu ul ul { font-weight: 700; } }

.link-box .entry-title { font-weight: 700; }

@media screen and (min-width: 992px) { .nav-menu > ul { letter-spacing: 0px; } }

@media screen and (min-width: 992px) { .nav-menu ul ul { letter-spacing: 0px; } }

.widget-title { letter-spacing: 3px; }

.site-footer .site-info { letter-spacing: 0px; }

h1, .entry-title, .footer-subscribe h3, .widget_categories ul li, .widget_recent_entries ul li, .widget_pages ul li, .widget_archive ul li, .widget_calendar table caption, .tptn_title, .nav-single a { text-transform: none; }

h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, blockquote, .comment-meta .fn { text-transform: none; }

@media screen and (min-width: 992px) { html { line-height: 1.9; } }

@media screen and (min-width: 768px) {

.featured-area .block { padding: 0px; }

.featured-area { margin: -0px; }

}

.header-wrap:after { bottom: -1px; }

.is-menu-bar .menu-wrap:after { bottom: -1px; }

@media screen and (min-width: 992px) { .site-title img { max-height: 60px; } }

@media screen and (max-width: 991px) { .site-title img { max-height: 38px; } }

@media screen and (min-width: 1360px) {

.is-header-vertical .site-header, .is-header-vertical .site-header .header-wrap { width: 270px; }

.is-header-vertical-left .site { padding-left: 270px; }

.is-header-vertical-right .site { padding-right: 270px; }

}

@media screen and (min-width: 992px) { .site-branding-wrap { padding: 15px 0; } }

.layout-medium, .is-header-row .header-wrap-inner, .is-header-small .header-wrap-inner, .is-menu-bar.is-menu-fixed-bg .menu-wrap, .is-header-fixed-width .header-wrap, .is-header-fixed-width.is-menu-bar .site-navigation, .is-header-float-box:not(.is-header-float-box-menu) .site-header:not(.clone) .header-wrap, .is-header-float-box.is-menu-bar .site-header:not(.clone) .site-navigation:not(.clone), .is-body-boxed .site, .is-body-boxed .header-wrap, .is-body-boxed.is-menu-bar .site-navigation, .is-body-boxed:not(.is-menu-bar) .site-header, .is-middle-boxed .site-main, .intro-content, .is-footer-boxed .site-footer, .is-content-boxed .site-main .layout-fixed, .top-bar .top-bar-wrap, .is-top-bar-fixed .top-bar, .is-top-bar-fixed-bg .top-bar, .is-menu-bottom.is-menu-bottom-overflow .site-header:not(.clone) .site-navigation:not(.clone) .menu-wrap, .site-branding-wrap, .is-header-border-fixed .header-wrap:after, .is-header-border-fixed .menu-wrap:after, html .tutor-container, html .lp-content-area, html .learn-press-breadcrumb { max-width: 1140px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; }

@media screen and (min-width: 992px) {

.is-header-small .header-wrap, .is-menu-bar .nav-menu > ul > li, .is-header-vertical .nav-menu > ul > li { line-height: 90px; }

.is-header-small .site-branding { max-height: 90px; }

}

@media screen and (min-width: 992px) {

.is-header-small.is-header-smaller .site-header.clone .header-wrap, .is-header-row.is-header-smaller .site-header.clone .nav-menu > ul > li, .is-menu-bar.is-header-smaller .site-navigation.clone .nav-menu > ul > li, .is-menu-bar.is-header-smaller .site-header.clone .site-navigation .nav-menu > ul > li { line-height: 65px; }

.is-header-small.is-header-smaller .site-header.clone .site-branding { max-height: 65px; }

}

.site-header .header-wrap { background-color: #ffffff; }

html:not(.is-menu-bottom) .site-header .header-bg-shape { color: #ffffff; }

.header-wrap:before { background: linear-gradient(130deg, #0a0000 30%, #ed6c53 100%); }

.header-wrap:before { opacity: 0; }

.is-header-half-transparent:not(.is-menu-toggled-on) .site-header:not(.clone) .header-wrap:before { opacity: 0.45; }

.header-wrap:after { opacity: 0.12; }

.is-menu-bar .menu-wrap:after { opacity: 0.12; }

@media screen and (min-width: 992px) { .nav-menu > ul > li.current-menu-item > a { color: #ffffff !important; } }

@media screen and (min-width: 992px) { .nav-menu li.current-menu-item > a .link-text:before { background-color: #ff2660 !important; border-color: #ff2660 !important; } }

@media screen and (min-width: 992px) { html .nav-menu > ul > li > a:hover, .nav-menu > ul > li.has-submenu:hover > a { color: #ffffff; } }

@media screen and (min-width: 992px) { html.loaded .nav-menu ul li a .link-text:before, .nav-menu li.has-submenu:hover > a .link-text:before { background-color: #0f0f0f; border-color: #0f0f0f; } }

@media screen and (min-width: 992px) { .nav-menu  ul ul li.current-menu-item > a .link-text { color: #b79f8a !important; } }

@media screen and (min-width: 992px) { html .nav-menu ul ul li a:hover .link-text, .nav-menu ul ul li.has-submenu:hover > a .link-text { color: #111111; } }

.site .footer-subscribe { background: #ffffff; }

.top-bar, .top-bar select option { background-color: #171717; }

.site-header { color: ; }

.header-wrap:after { color: ; }

.is-menu-bar .menu-wrap:after { color: ; }
/*# sourceURL=efor-style-inline-css */
</style>
<link rel='stylesheet' id='font-awesome-4-shim-css' href='https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor-lms-elementor-addons/assets/css/font-awesome.min.css?ver=4.0.1' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='slick-css-css' href='https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor-lms-elementor-addons/assets/css/slick.min.css?ver=4.0.1' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='slick-theme-css-css' href='https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor-lms-elementor-addons/assets/css/slick-theme.css?ver=4.0.1' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='tutor-elementor-css-css' href='https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor-lms-elementor-addons/assets/css/tutor-elementor.min.css?ver=4.0.1' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='wpforo-dynamic-style-css' href='https://chembridge.org/wp-content/uploads/wpforo/assets/colors.css?ver=3.1.5.c5236204d70c811d7adbc026d962e9d8' media='all' />
<script id="jquery-core-js" src="https://chembridge.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1"></script>
<script id="jquery-migrate-js" src="https://chembridge.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1"></script>
<script data-wp-strategy="defer" defer id="wc-jquery-blockui-js" src="https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/assets/js/jquery-blockui/jquery.blockUI.min.js?ver=2.7.0-wc.11.1.0"></script>
<script id="wc-add-to-cart-js-extra">
var wc_add_to_cart_params = {"ajax_url":"/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php","wc_ajax_url":"/?wc-ajax=%%endpoint%%","i18n_view_cart":"View cart","cart_url":"https://chembridge.org/cart-3/","is_cart":"","cart_redirect_after_add":"no"};
//# sourceURL=wc-add-to-cart-js-extra
</script>
<script data-wp-strategy="defer" defer id="wc-add-to-cart-js" src="https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/assets/js/frontend/add-to-cart.min.js?ver=11.1.0"></script>
<script data-wp-strategy="defer" defer id="wc-js-cookie-js" src="https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/assets/js/js-cookie/js.cookie.min.js?ver=2.1.4-wc.11.1.0"></script>
<script id="woocommerce-js-extra">
var woocommerce_params = {"ajax_url":"/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php","wc_ajax_url":"/?wc-ajax=%%endpoint%%","i18n_password_show":"Show password","i18n_password_hide":"Hide password"};
//# sourceURL=woocommerce-js-extra
</script>
<script data-wp-strategy="defer" defer id="woocommerce-js" src="https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/assets/js/frontend/woocommerce.min.js?ver=11.1.0"></script>
<script id="etlms-slick-library-js" src="https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor-lms-elementor-addons/assets/js/slick.min.js?ver=4.0.1"></script>
<script id="tutor-elementor-js-js-extra">
var tutorElementorData = {"is_sidebar_sticky":""};
//# sourceURL=tutor-elementor-js-js-extra
</script>
<script id="tutor-elementor-js-js-before">
const etlmsUtility = {"is_editor_mode":false}
//# sourceURL=tutor-elementor-js-js-before
</script>
<script id="tutor-elementor-js-js" src="https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor-lms-elementor-addons/assets/js/tutor-elementor.js?ver=4.0.1"></script>
<link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://chembridge.org/wp-json/" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://chembridge.org/xmlrpc.php?rsd" />
<meta name="generator" content="WordPress 7.1" />
<meta name="generator" content="TutorLMS 4.0.7" />
<meta name="generator" content="WooCommerce 11.1.0" />
<link rel="canonical" href="https://chembridge.org/courses/as-level-organic-chemistry/lessons/lecture-5-8-2/" />
<link rel='shortlink' href='https://chembridge.org/?p=5492' />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
<style>html { background-color: var(--tutor-surface-base); } :root { font-size: 16px; }</style><link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/wp-content/uploads/fbrfg/favicon-96x96.png" sizes="96x96" />
<link rel="icon" type="image/svg+xml" href="/wp-content/uploads/fbrfg/favicon.svg" />
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="/wp-content/uploads/fbrfg/favicon.ico" />
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/wp-content/uploads/fbrfg/apple-touch-icon.png" />
<link rel="manifest" href="/wp-content/uploads/fbrfg/site.webmanifest" />	<noscript><style>.woocommerce-product-gallery{ opacity: 1 !important; }</style></noscript>
	<meta name="generator" content="Elementor 4.2.4; features: e_font_icon_svg, additional_custom_breakpoints; settings: css_print_method-external, google_font-enabled, font_display-swap">
			<style>
				.e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+4):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload),
				.e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+4):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) * {
					background-image: none !important;
				}
				@media screen and (max-height: 1024px) {
					.e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+3):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload),
					.e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+3):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) * {
						background-image: none !important;
					}
				}
				@media screen and (max-height: 640px) {
					.e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+2):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload),
					.e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+2):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) * {
						background-image: none !important;
					}
				}
			</style>
			<link rel="icon" href="https://chembridge.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/favicon.png" sizes="32x32" />
<link rel="icon" href="https://chembridge.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/favicon.png" sizes="192x192" />
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://chembridge.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/favicon.png" />
<meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://chembridge.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/favicon.png" />
<style id="wp-custom-css">
.tutor-video-player .plyr--youtube iframe { top: -75%; }

.site-content form input[type=submit],
.site-content form input[type=button],
.site-content form button {
     visibility: visible;
}


li#menu-item-6551 a{
    animation: bgBlink 1s infinite;
    color:#fff !important;
    padding:10px 15px;
    border-radius:5px;
}

@keyframes bgBlink{
    0%{
        background:red;
    }
    33%{
        background:green;
    }
    66%{
        background:purple;
    }
    100%{
        background:red;
    }
}
</style>
	</head>
	<body class="wp-singular lesson-template-default single single-lesson postid-5492 wp-custom-logo wp-theme-efor theme-efor tutor-lms tutor-frontend woocommerce-no-js esm-default wpf-default wpft- wpf-guest wpfu-group-4 wpf-theme-2026 wpf-is_standalone-0 wpf-boardid-0 is_wpforo_page-0 is_wpforo_url-0 is_wpforo_shortcode_page-0 elementor-default elementor-kit-6" x-data="tutorCourseCompleteHandler()">
	<!doctype html>
<html lang="en-US" class="no-featured-area is-header-small is-header-logo-center is-body-full-width is-single-post-title-default is-post-title-align-center is-post-media-fixed is-blog-text-align-left is-meta-with-icons is-header-light is-header-full-width is-header-parallax-no is-menu-sticky is-menu-smart-sticky is-menu-fixed-width is-menu-align-right is-menu-light is-submenu-dark is-submenu-align-left is-menu-none-uppercase is-featured-area-full is-slider-buttons-center-margin is-slider-buttons-rounded is-slider-buttons-dark is-slider-title-dark-shadow is-slider-parallax is-slider-title-none-uppercase is-slider-more-link-show-on-hover is-slider-more-link-border-bottom is-slider-text-align-left is-slider-v-align-bottom is-slider-h-align-center is-link-box-title-default is-link-box-title-transform-none is-link-box-text-align-center is-link-box-v-align-center is-link-box-parallax is-intro-align-center is-intro-text-dark is-intro-parallax-no is-more-link-border-bottom-light is-about-author-minimal is-related-posts-parallax is-related-posts-overflow is-share-links-boxed is-tagcloud-minimal is-nav-single-rounded is-nav-single-no-animated is-comments-minimal is-comments-image-rounded is-comment-form-minimal is-sidebar-right is-sidebar-sticky is-sidebar-align-left is-widget-title-align-left is-widget-first-letter-border is-trending-posts-default is-footer-subscribe-light is-footer-widgets-align-left is-footer-full-width  is-logo-hover-shine is-menu-hover-solid is-menu-hover-overflow is-menu-hover-ribbon is-header-search-disabled is-header-sticky-shadow-soft is-header-transparent-border-bottom is-menu-sticky-shadow-soft-shorter is-menu-inline-borders is-menu-inline-borders-light is-footer-border-top is-footer-border-light is-copyright-border-top is-copyright-border-light" data-title-ratio="0.55" data-link-box-title-ratio="0.5" data-generic-button-style="" data-header-bg-shape="">
<head>
	<meta charset="UTF-8">
					<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
				<link rel="profile" href="http://gmpg.org/xfn/11">
	<title>Lecture 5 - Chembridge</title>
<meta name='robots' content='max-image-preview:large' />
<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//fonts.googleapis.com' />
<link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Chembridge &raquo; Feed" href="https://chembridge.org/feed/" />
<link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Chembridge &raquo; Comments Feed" href="https://chembridge.org/comments/feed/" />
<link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Chembridge &raquo; Lecture 5 Comments Feed" href="https://chembridge.org/courses/as-level-organic-chemistry/lessons/lecture-5-8-2/feed/" />
<link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://chembridge.org/wp-json/" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://chembridge.org/xmlrpc.php?rsd" />
<meta name="generator" content="WordPress 7.1" />
<meta name="generator" content="TutorLMS 4.0.7" />
<meta name="generator" content="WooCommerce 11.1.0" />
<link rel="canonical" href="https://chembridge.org/courses/as-level-organic-chemistry/lessons/lecture-5-8-2/" />
<link rel='shortlink' href='https://chembridge.org/?p=5492' />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
<style>html { background-color: var(--tutor-surface-base); } :root { font-size: 16px; }</style><link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/wp-content/uploads/fbrfg/favicon-96x96.png" sizes="96x96" />
<link rel="icon" type="image/svg+xml" href="/wp-content/uploads/fbrfg/favicon.svg" />
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="/wp-content/uploads/fbrfg/favicon.ico" />
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/wp-content/uploads/fbrfg/apple-touch-icon.png" />
<link rel="manifest" href="/wp-content/uploads/fbrfg/site.webmanifest" />	<noscript><style>.woocommerce-product-gallery{ opacity: 1 !important; }</style></noscript>
	<meta name="generator" content="Elementor 4.2.4; features: e_font_icon_svg, additional_custom_breakpoints; settings: css_print_method-external, google_font-enabled, font_display-swap">
			<style>
				.e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+4):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload),
				.e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+4):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) * {
					background-image: none !important;
				}
				@media screen and (max-height: 1024px) {
					.e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+3):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload),
					.e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+3):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) * {
						background-image: none !important;
					}
				}
				@media screen and (max-height: 640px) {
					.e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+2):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload),
					.e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+2):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) * {
						background-image: none !important;
					}
				}
			</style>
			<link rel="icon" href="https://chembridge.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/favicon.png" sizes="32x32" />
<link rel="icon" href="https://chembridge.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/favicon.png" sizes="192x192" />
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://chembridge.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/favicon.png" />
<meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://chembridge.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/favicon.png" />
<style id="wp-custom-css">
.tutor-video-player .plyr--youtube iframe { top: -75%; }

.site-content form input[type=submit],
.site-content form input[type=button],
.site-content form button {
     visibility: visible;
}


li#menu-item-6551 a{
    animation: bgBlink 1s infinite;
    color:#fff !important;
    padding:10px 15px;
    border-radius:5px;
}

@keyframes bgBlink{
    0%{
        background:red;
    }
    33%{
        background:green;
    }
    66%{
        background:purple;
    }
    100%{
        background:red;
    }
}
</style>
</head>

<body class="wp-singular lesson-template-default single single-lesson postid-5492 wp-custom-logo wp-theme-efor theme-efor tutor-lms tutor-frontend woocommerce-no-js esm-default wpf-default wpft- wpf-guest wpfu-group-4 wpf-theme-2026 wpf-is_standalone-0 wpf-boardid-0 is_wpforo_page-0 is_wpforo_url-0 is_wpforo_shortcode_page-0 elementor-default elementor-kit-6">
		    <div id="page" class="hfeed site">
				
        <header id="masthead" class="site-header" role="banner">
						<div class="header-wrap" data-parallax-video="">
				<div class="header-wrap-inner">
					<div class="site-branding">
						<div class="site-branding-wrap">
							<div class="site-branding-left">
															</div> <!-- .site-branding-left -->
							
							<div class="site-branding-center">
																			<h1 class="site-title">
												<a href="https://chembridge.org/" rel="home">
													<span class="screen-reader-text">Chembridge</span>
													
																													<img alt="Chembridge" src="https://chembridge.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/Logo-Landscape.png">
																												
																													<img class="logo-negative" alt="Chembridge" src="https://chembridge.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/Logo-Landscape-White.png">
																											</a>
											</h1> <!-- .site-title -->
																		
								<p class="site-description">
									O / A Level Chemistry								</p> <!-- .site-description -->
							</div> <!-- .site-branding-center -->
							
							<div class="site-branding-right">
															</div> <!-- .site-branding-right -->
						</div> <!-- .site-branding-wrap -->
					</div> <!-- .site-branding -->
					
					<nav id="site-navigation" class="main-navigation site-navigation" role="navigation">
						<div class="menu-wrap">
							<div class="layout-medium">
								<a class="menu-toggle">
									<span class="lines"></span>
								</a> <!-- .menu-toggle -->
								
												<a class="shopping-cart" href="https://chembridge.org/cart-3/" title="View your shopping cart">
									</a> <!-- .shopping-cart -->
											
								<div class="nav-menu"><ul id="menu-mymenu" class=""><li id="menu-item-6551" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-6551"><a href="https://chembridge.org/LMS" onClick="return true">LMS</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-1539" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1539"><a href="https://chembridge.org/courses/" onClick="return true">Courses</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-5030" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-5030"><a href="#" onClick="return true">Resources</a>
<ul class="sub-menu">
	<li id="menu-item-5031" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-5031"><a href="https://chembridge.org/igcse-o-level/" onClick="return true">IGCSE / O Level</a>
	<ul class="sub-menu">
		<li id="menu-item-5034" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-5034"><a href="https://chembridge.org/course-category/o-level/?tutor-course-filter-category=67" onClick="return true">Video Lessons</a></li>
		<li id="menu-item-5035" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-5035"><a href="https://chembridge.org/igcse-o-level/notes/" onClick="return true">Notes</a></li>
		<li id="menu-item-5036" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-5036"><a href="https://chembridge.org/igcse-o-level/topical-past-papers/" onClick="return true">Topical Past Papers</a></li>
	</ul>
</li>
	<li id="menu-item-5032" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-5032"><a href="https://chembridge.org/as-level/" onClick="return true">AS Level</a>
	<ul class="sub-menu">
		<li id="menu-item-5038" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-5038"><a href="https://chembridge.org/course-category/as-level/?tutor-course-filter-category=68" onClick="return true">Video Lessons</a></li>
		<li id="menu-item-5039" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-5039"><a href="https://chembridge.org/as-level/as-level-notes/" onClick="return true">Notes</a></li>
	</ul>
</li>
	<li id="menu-item-5033" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-5033"><a href="https://chembridge.org/a2-level/" onClick="return true">A2 Level</a>
	<ul class="sub-menu">
		<li id="menu-item-5042" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-5042"><a href="https://chembridge.org/course-category/a2-level/?tutor-course-filter-category=69" onClick="return true">Video Lessons</a></li>
		<li id="menu-item-5043" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-5043"><a href="https://chembridge.org/a2-level/a2-level-notes/" onClick="return true">Notes</a></li>
	</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="menu-item-6005" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6005"><a href="https://chembridge.org/community/" onClick="return true">Forum</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-5028" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-5028"><a href="https://chembridge.org/dashboard/" onClick="return true">Login</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-5029" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-5029"><a href="https://chembridge.org/student-registration-3/" onClick="return true">Sign up</a></li>
</ul></div>								
																
																			<div class="social-container widget-area">
																	<a class="social-link facebook" target="_blank" href="https://www.facebook.com/FaizanSaleemOnlineTeacher"></a>
									<a class="social-link instagram" target="_blank" href="https://www.instagram.com/chembridge1/"></a>
									<a class="social-link youtube" target="_blank" href="https://www.youtube.com/@ChemistrywithFaizanSaleem"></a>
															</div> <!-- .social-container -->
																	</div> <!-- .layout-medium -->
						</div> <!-- .menu-wrap -->
					</nav> <!-- #site-navigation .main-navigation .site-navigation -->
				</div> <!-- .header-wrap-inner -->
			</div> <!-- .header-wrap -->
        </header> <!-- #masthead .site-header -->

<div class="tutor-wrap tutor-page-wrap tutor-w-full post-5492 lesson type-lesson status-publish hentry is-cat-link-solid-light is-cat-link-rounded">
	<div class="tutor-template-segment tutor-login-wrap tutor-card tutor-shadow-md tutor-px-none tutor-pt-10 tutor-pb-9" style="max-width: 100%; width : 520px; margin: 70px auto;">
		<div class="tutor-login-form-wrapper tutor-p-8">
			<div class="tutor-h3 tutor-font-medium tutor-mb-9">
				Hi, Welcome back!			</div>
			<form id="tutor-login-form" method="post">
		<input type="hidden" id="_tutor_nonce" name="_tutor_nonce" value="38a549177b" /><input type="hidden" name="_wp_http_referer" value="/courses/as-level-organic-chemistry/lessons/lecture-5-8-2/" />	<input type="hidden" name="tutor_action" value="tutor_user_login" />
	<input type="hidden" name="redirect_to" value="https://chembridge.org/courses/as-level-organic-chemistry/lessons/lecture-5-8-2/" />

	<div class="tutor-input-field tutor-mb-7">
		<input type="text" class="tutor-form-control tutor-input" placeholder="Username or Email Address" name="log" value="" size="20" required/>
	</div>

	<div class="tutor-input-field tutor-mb-8" x-data="{ show: false, value: '' }" style="position: relative;">
		<span 
			class="tutor-flex tutor-items-center tutor-justify-center"
			style="position: absolute; right: 15px; top: 50%; transform: translateY(-50%); cursor: pointer; z-index: 1;"
			x-show="value.length > 0"
			@click="show = !show"
		>
			<template x-if="!show">
				<svg width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" role="presentation" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M16.0006 18.6667C16.7048 18.6667 17.3801 18.3857 17.878 17.8856C18.3758 17.3855 18.6556 16.7073 18.6556 16C18.6556 15.2928 18.3758 14.6145 17.878 14.1144C17.3801 13.6143 16.7048 13.3333 16.0006 13.3333C15.2965 13.3333 14.6212 13.6143 14.1233 14.1144C13.6254 14.6145 13.3457 15.2928 13.3457 16C13.3457 16.7073 13.6254 17.3855 14.1233 17.8856C14.6212 18.3857 15.2965 18.6667 16.0006 18.6667Z" fill="currentColor"/><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.33398 16C5.02517 10.5907 10.0563 6.66667 16.0007 6.66667C21.945 6.66667 26.9761 10.5907 28.6673 16C26.9761 21.4093 21.945 25.3333 16.0007 25.3333C10.0563 25.3333 5.02517 21.4093 3.33398 16ZM21.3105 16C21.3105 17.4145 20.7511 18.771 19.7553 19.7712C18.7595 20.7714 17.4089 21.3333 16.0007 21.3333C14.5924 21.3333 13.2418 20.7714 12.246 19.7712C11.2502 18.771 10.6908 17.4145 10.6908 16C10.6908 14.5855 11.2502 13.229 12.246 12.2288C13.2418 11.2286 14.5924 10.6667 16.0007 10.6667C17.4089 10.6667 18.7595 11.2286 19.7553 12.2288C20.7511 13.229 21.3105 14.5855 21.3105 16Z" fill="currentColor"/></svg>			</template>
			<template x-if="show">
				<svg width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" role="presentation" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M4.542 14.1a9 9 0 0 1-2.125-3.092 1.541 1.541 0 0 1 0-1.216 8.833 8.833 0 0 1 3.1-3.875A7.5 7.5 0 0 1 10 4.567a7.333 7.333 0 0 1 3.333.708m2.134 1.433a9.041 9.041 0 0 1 2.116 3.084 1.54 1.54 0 0 1 0 1.216 8.833 8.833 0 0 1-3.1 3.875A7.5 7.5 0 0 1 10 16.233a7.333 7.333 0 0 1-3.333-.708" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/><path d="M7.258 11.375a2.75 2.75 0 0 1-.175-.975A2.917 2.917 0 0 1 10 7.483c.333-.001.663.059.975.175m1.767 1.767c.116.312.176.642.175.975A2.917 2.917 0 0 1 10 13.317a2.753 2.753 0 0 1-.975-.175M2.5 16.667 15.833 3.333" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/></svg>			</template>
		</span>
		<input :type="show ? 'text' : 'password'" class="tutor-form-control tutor-input" placeholder="Password" name="pwd" x-model="value" size="20" required style="padding-right: 45px;" autocomplete="off"/>
	</div>

	<div class="tutor-login-error" role="alert" aria-live="polite"></div>
			<input type="hidden" name="timezone" value="+00:00" />
		<script>
			document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
				const timezone = document.querySelector('input[name="timezone"]');
				if ( timezone) {
					const tz = Intl.DateTimeFormat().resolvedOptions().timeZone;
					timezone.value = tz
				}
			});
		</script>
			<div class="tutor-flex tutor-justify-between tutor-items-center tutor-mt-9">
		<div class="tutor-input-field tutor-w-auto">
			<div class="tutor-input-wrapper">
				<input id="tutor-login-agmnt-1" type="checkbox" class="tutor-checkbox tutor-checkbox-md" name="rememberme" value="forever" />
				<label for="tutor-login-agmnt-1" class="tutor-label">
					Keep me signed in				</label>
			</div>
		</div>
		<a href="https://chembridge.org/dashboard/retrieve-password" class="tutor-btn tutor-btn-link-gray tutor-btn-small">
			Forgot Password?		</a>
	</div>

		<button type="submit" class="tutor-btn tutor-btn-primary tutor-btn-block tutor-mt-10">
		Sign In	</button>

					<div class="tutor-flex tutor-items-center tutor-justify-center tutor-gap-2 tutor-mt-7">
			<div class="tutor-small">
				Don&#039;t have an account?			</div>
			<a href="https://chembridge.org/student-registration-2/?redirect_to=https://chembridge.org/courses/as-level-organic-chemistry/lessons/lecture-5-8-2/" class="tutor-btn tutor-btn-link">
				Register Now			</a>
		</div>
		</form>
<script>
	document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
		var loginModal = document.querySelector('.tutor-modal.tutor-login-modal');
		var errors = [];
		if (loginModal && errors.length) {
			loginModal.classList.add('tutor-is-active');
		}
	});
</script>
		</div>
			</div>
</div>

	
		<footer id="colophon" class="site-footer" role="contentinfo">
									<div class="footer-insta">
							<div class="textwidget custom-html-widget"></div>						</div> <!-- .footer-insta -->
											<div class="footer-widgets widget-area">
							<div class="layout-medium">
								<div class="row">
																					<div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-3">
													<aside id="text-8" class="widget widget_text"><h3 class="widget-title"><span>Resources</span></h3>			<div class="textwidget"><p><a href="https://chembridge.org/igcse-o-level/">O Level / IGCSE</a></p>
<p><a href="https://chembridge.org/as-level/">AS Level</a></p>
<p><a href="https://chembridge.org/a2-level/">A2 Level</a></p>
</div>
		</aside>												</div> <!-- .col-sm-6 .col-lg-3 -->
												<div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-3">
													<aside id="text-6" class="widget widget_text">			<div class="textwidget"><p><a href="https://forms.gle/oXwXoCjL8Sy5JwccA" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Register for Classes</a></p>
<p><a href="https://chembridge.org/courses/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Courses</a></p>
<p><a href="#" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Blog</a></p>
<p><a href="https://chembridge.org/contact/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Contact</a></p>
</div>
		</aside>												</div> <!-- .col-sm-6 .col-lg-3 -->
												<div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-3">
													<aside id="text-4" class="widget widget_text">			<div class="textwidget"><p><a href="https://chembridge.org/refund-policy/" rel="noopener">Refund Policy</a></p>
<p><a href="https://chembridge.org/terms-and-conditions/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Terms &amp; Conditions</a></p>
<p><a href="https://chembridge.org/privacy-policy-2/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Privacy Policy</a></p>
<p><a href="https://chembridge.org/faqs/">FAQ&#8217;s</a></p>
</div>
		</aside>												</div> <!-- .col-sm-6 .col-lg-3 -->
												<div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-3">
													<aside id="text-11" class="widget widget_text">			<div class="textwidget"><p><strong>WhatsApp :</strong> +92 3409477770</p>
<p><strong>Email:</strong> onlinechembridge@gmail.com</p>
</div>
		</aside><aside id="pixelwars_core_widget_social_media_icon-7" class="widget widget_pixelwars_core_widget_social_media_icon">					<a class="social-link instagram" target="_blank" href=""></a>
				</aside><aside id="pixelwars_core_widget_social_media_icon-6" class="widget widget_pixelwars_core_widget_social_media_icon">					<a class="social-link youtube" target="_blank" href=""></a>
				</aside><aside id="pixelwars_core_widget_social_media_icon-5" class="widget widget_pixelwars_core_widget_social_media_icon">					<a class="social-link facebook" target="_blank" href=""></a>
				</aside>												</div> <!-- .col-sm-6 .col-lg-3 -->
																			</div> <!-- .row -->
							</div> <!-- .layout-medium -->
						</div> <!-- .footer-widgets .widget-area -->
											<div class="site-info">
										<div class="textwidget"><p>2025 Chembridge &#8211; All Rights Reserved</p>
</div>
					<div class="textwidget"><p>Powered by <a href="http://digitaro.co">Digitaro</a></p>
</div>
								</div> <!-- .site-info -->
							</footer> <!-- #colophon .site-footer -->
	</div> <!-- #page .hfeed .site -->


<script type="speculationrules">
{"prefetch":[{"source":"document","where":{"and":[{"href_matches":"/*"},{"not":{"href_matches":["/wp-*.php","/wp-admin/*","/wp-content/uploads/*","/wp-content/*","/wp-content/plugins/*","/wp-content/themes/efor/*","/*\\?(.+)"]}},{"not":{"selector_matches":"a[rel~=\"nofollow\"]"}},{"not":{"selector_matches":".no-prefetch, .no-prefetch a"}}]},"eagerness":"conservative"}]}
</script>
			<script>
				( () => {
					const lazyloadRunObserver = () => {
						const lazyloadBackgrounds = document.querySelectorAll( `.e-con.e-parent:not(.e-lazyloaded)` );
						const lazyloadBackgroundObserver = new IntersectionObserver( ( entries ) => {
							entries.forEach( ( entry ) => {
								if ( entry.isIntersecting ) {
									let lazyloadBackground = entry.target;
									if( lazyloadBackground ) {
										lazyloadBackground.classList.add( 'e-lazyloaded' );
									}
									lazyloadBackgroundObserver.unobserve( entry.target );
								}
							});
						}, { rootMargin: '200px 0px 200px 0px' } );
						lazyloadBackgrounds.forEach( ( lazyloadBackground ) => {
							lazyloadBackgroundObserver.observe( lazyloadBackground );
						} );
					};
					const events = [
						'DOMContentLoaded',
						'elementor/lazyload/observe',
					];
					events.forEach( ( event ) => {
						document.addEventListener( event, lazyloadRunObserver );
					} );
				} )();
			</script>
				<script type='text/javascript'>
		(function () {
			var c = document.body.className;
			c = c.replace(/woocommerce-no-js/, 'woocommerce-js');
			document.body.className = c;
		})();
	</script>
	<script id="wp-hooks-js" src="https://chembridge.org/wp-includes/js/dist/hooks.min.js?ver=f0f188028580e8dc1255"></script>
<script id="wp-i18n-js" src="https://chembridge.org/wp-includes/js/dist/i18n.min.js?ver=1dfe7db3940c23ea9216"></script>
<script id="wp-i18n-js-after">
wp.i18n.setLocaleData( { 'text direction\u0004ltr': [ 'ltr' ] } );
//# sourceURL=wp-i18n-js-after
</script>
<script id="tutor-core-js-extra">
var _tutorobject = {"ajaxurl":"https://chembridge.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php","home_url":"https://chembridge.org","site_url":"https://chembridge.org","site_title":"Chembridge","base_path":"/","tutor_url":"https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor/","tutor_pro_url":"https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor-pro/","nonce_key":"_tutor_nonce","_tutor_nonce":"38a549177b","loading_icon_url":"https://chembridge.org/wp-admin/images/wpspin_light.gif","placeholder_img_src":"https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor/assets/images/placeholder.svg","enable_lesson_classic_editor":"","tutor_frontend_dashboard_url":"https://chembridge.org/dashboard/","is_dashboard_page":"","wp_date_format":"MMMM d, yyyy","start_of_week":"1","is_admin":"","is_admin_bar_showing":"","addons_data":[{"name":"Course Bundle","description":"Group multiple courses to sell together.","url":"https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor/assets/images/addons/course-bundle/thumbnail.svg","base_name":"course-bundle","is_enabled":1},{"name":"Subscription","description":"Manage subscription","url":"https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor/assets/images/addons/subscription/thumbnail.png","base_name":"subscription","is_enabled":0},{"name":"Content Bank","description":"Create content once and use it across multiple courses.","is_new":true,"url":"https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor/assets/images/addons/content-bank/thumbnail.png","base_name":"content-bank","is_enabled":0},{"name":"Social Login","description":"Let users register & login through social networks.","url":"https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor/assets/images/addons/social-login/thumbnail.svg","base_name":"social-login","is_enabled":1},{"name":"Content Drip","description":"Unlock lessons by schedule or when students meet a specific condition.","url":"https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor/assets/images/addons/content-drip/thumbnail.png","base_name":"content-drip","is_enabled":1},{"name":"Tutor Multi Instructors","description":"Collaborate and add multiple instructors to a course.","url":"https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor/assets/images/addons/tutor-multi-instructors/thumbnail.png","base_name":"tutor-multi-instructors","is_enabled":0},{"name":"Tutor Assignments","description":"Assess student learning with assignments.","url":"https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor/assets/images/addons/tutor-assignments/thumbnail.png","base_name":"tutor-assignments","is_enabled":1},{"name":"Tutor Course Preview","description":"Offer free previews of specific lessons before enrollment.","url":"https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor/assets/images/addons/tutor-course-preview/thumbnail.png","base_name":"tutor-course-preview","is_enabled":1},{"name":"Tutor Course Attachments","description":"Add unlimited attachments/ private files to any Tutor course","url":"https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor/assets/images/addons/tutor-course-attachments/thumbnail.png","base_name":"tutor-course-attachments","is_enabled":1},{"name":"Tutor Google Meet Integration","description":"Host live classes with Google Meet, directly from your lesson page.","url":"https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor/assets/images/addons/google-meet/thumbnail.png","base_name":"google-meet","is_enabled":1},{"name":"Tutor Report","description":"Check your course performance through Tutor Report stats.","url":"https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor/assets/images/addons/tutor-report/thumbnail.png","base_name":"tutor-report","is_enabled":1},{"name":"Email","description":"Send automated and customized emails for various Tutor events.","url":"https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor/assets/images/addons/tutor-email/thumbnail.png","base_name":"tutor-email","is_enabled":1},{"name":"Calendar","description":"Enable to let students view all your course events in one place.","url":"https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor/assets/images/addons/calendar/thumbnail.png","base_name":"calendar","is_enabled":0},{"name":"Notifications","description":"Keep students and instructors notified of course events on their dashboard.","url":"https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor/assets/images/addons/tutor-notifications/thumbnail.png","base_name":"tutor-notifications","is_enabled":0},{"name":"Google Classroom Integration","description":"Enable to integrate Tutor LMS with Google Classroom.","url":"https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor/assets/images/addons/google-classroom/thumbnail.png","base_name":"google-classroom","is_enabled":0},{"name":"Tutor Zoom Integration","description":"Connect Tutor LMS with Zoom to host live online classes.","url":"https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor/assets/images/addons/tutor-zoom/thumbnail.png","base_name":"tutor-zoom","is_enabled":1},{"name":"Quiz Export/Import","description":"Save time by exporting/importing quiz data with easy options.","url":"https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor/assets/images/addons/quiz-import-export/thumbnail.png","base_name":"quiz-import-export","is_enabled":0},{"name":"Enrollment","description":"Enable to manually enroll students in your courses.","url":"https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor/assets/images/addons/enrollments/thumbnail.png","base_name":"enrollments","is_enabled":1},{"name":"Tutor Certificate","description":"Enable to award certificates upon course completion.","url":"https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor/assets/images/addons/tutor-certificate/thumbnail.png","base_name":"tutor-certificate","is_enabled":1},{"name":"Gradebook","description":"Track student progress with a centralized gradebook.","url":"https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor/assets/images/addons/gradebook/thumbnail.png","base_name":"gradebook","is_enabled":0},{"name":"Tutor Prerequisites","description":"Set course prerequisites to guide learning paths effectively.","url":"https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor/assets/images/addons/tutor-prerequisites/thumbnail.png","base_name":"tutor-prerequisites","is_enabled":0},{"name":"BuddyPress","description":"Boost engagement with social features through BuddyPress for Tutor LMS.","url":"https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor/assets/images/addons/buddypress/thumbnail.png","base_name":"buddypress","is_enabled":0},{"name":"WooCommerce Subscriptions","description":"Capture Residual Revenue with Recurring Payments.","url":"https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor/assets/images/addons/wc-subscriptions/thumbnail.png","base_name":"wc-subscriptions","is_enabled":0},{"name":"Paid Memberships Pro","description":"Boost revenue by selling course memberships.","url":"https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor/assets/images/addons/pmpro/thumbnail.png","base_name":"pmpro","is_enabled":0},{"name":"Restrict Content Pro","description":"Enable to manage content access through Restrict Content Pro. ","url":"https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor/assets/images/addons/restrict-content-pro/thumbnail.png","base_name":"restrict-content-pro","is_enabled":0},{"name":"Weglot","description":"Translate & manage multilingual courses for global reach.","url":"https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor/assets/images/addons/tutor-weglot/thumbnail.png","base_name":"tutor-weglot","is_enabled":0},{"name":"WPML","description":"Create multilingual courses, lessons, dashboard and more.","url":"https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor/assets/images/addons/tutor-wpml/thumbnail.png","base_name":"tutor-wpml","is_enabled":0},{"name":"H5P","description":"Integrate H5P to add interactivity and engagement to your courses.","url":"https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor/assets/images/addons/h5p/thumbnail.png","base_name":"h5p","is_enabled":0}],"current_user":[],"content_change_event":"tutor_content_changed_event","is_tutor_course_edit":"","current_page":"","quiz_answer_display_time":"2000","is_ssl":"1","course_list_page_url":"https://chembridge.org/wp-admin/admin.php?page=tutor","course_post_type":"courses","tutor_currency":{"symbol":"$","currency":"USD","position":"left","thousand_separator":",","decimal_separator":".","no_of_decimal":"2"},"local":"en_US","settings":{"monetize_by":"wc"},"max_upload_size":"2147483648","monetize_by":"wc","kids_icons_registry":[],"is_kids_mode":"","user_preferences":[],"is_legacy_learning_mode":"","course_slug":"courses","lesson_slug":"lessons","quiz_slug":"quizzes","is_tour_completed":"","post_id":"5492","best_watch_time":"0","visibility_control":{"course_builder":{"basics_options_general_admin":"on","basics_options_general_instructor":"on","basics_options_content_drip_admin":"on","basics_options_content_drip_instructor":"on","basics_options_enrollment_admin":"on","basics_options_enrollment_instructor":"on","basics_featured_image_admin":"on","basics_featured_image_instructor":"on","basics_intro_video_admin":"on","basics_intro_video_instructor":"on","basics_scheduling_options_admin":"on","basics_scheduling_options_instructor":"on","basics_pricing_options_admin":"on","basics_pricing_options_instructor":"on","basics_categories_admin":"on","basics_categories_instructor":"on","basics_tags_admin":"on","basics_tags_instructor":"on","basics_author_admin":"on","basics_author_instructor":"on","basics_instructors_admin":"on","basics_instructors_instructor":"on","curriculum_lesson_featured_image_admin":"on","curriculum_lesson_featured_image_instructor":"on","curriculum_lesson_video_admin":"on","curriculum_lesson_video_instructor":"on","curriculum_lesson_video_playback_time_admin":"on","curriculum_lesson_video_playback_time_instructor":"on","curriculum_lesson_exercise_files_admin":"on","curriculum_lesson_exercise_files_instructor":"on","curriculum_lesson_lesson_preview_admin":"on","curriculum_lesson_lesson_preview_instructor":"on","additional_course_benefits_admin":"on","additional_course_benefits_instructor":"on","additional_course_target_audience_admin":"on","additional_course_target_audience_instructor":"on","additional_total_course_duration_admin":"on","additional_total_course_duration_instructor":"on","additional_course_material_includes_admin":"on","additional_course_material_includes_instructor":"on","additional_course_requirements_admin":"on","additional_course_requirements_instructor":"on","additional_certificate_admin":"on","additional_certificate_instructor":"on","additional_attachments_admin":"on","additional_attachments_instructor":"on","additional_schedule_live_class_admin":"on","additional_schedule_live_class_instructor":"on"}},"assignment_slug":"assignments","legal_consent_display_places":["student_registration","login","checkout"]};
var _tutorobject = {"ajaxurl":"https://chembridge.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php","home_url":"https://chembridge.org","site_url":"https://chembridge.org","site_title":"Chembridge","base_path":"/","tutor_url":"https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor/","tutor_pro_url":"https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor-pro/","nonce_key":"_tutor_nonce","_tutor_nonce":"38a549177b","loading_icon_url":"https://chembridge.org/wp-admin/images/wpspin_light.gif","placeholder_img_src":"https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor/assets/images/placeholder.svg","enable_lesson_classic_editor":"","tutor_frontend_dashboard_url":"https://chembridge.org/dashboard/","is_dashboard_page":"","wp_date_format":"MMMM d, yyyy","start_of_week":"1","is_admin":"","is_admin_bar_showing":"","addons_data":[{"name":"Course Bundle","description":"Group multiple courses to sell together.","url":"https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor/assets/images/addons/course-bundle/thumbnail.svg","base_name":"course-bundle","is_enabled":1},{"name":"Subscription","description":"Manage subscription","url":"https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor/assets/images/addons/subscription/thumbnail.png","base_name":"subscription","is_enabled":0},{"name":"Content Bank","description":"Create content once and use it across multiple courses.","is_new":true,"url":"https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor/assets/images/addons/content-bank/thumbnail.png","base_name":"content-bank","is_enabled":0},{"name":"Social Login","description":"Let users register & login through social networks.","url":"https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor/assets/images/addons/social-login/thumbnail.svg","base_name":"social-login","is_enabled":1},{"name":"Content Drip","description":"Unlock lessons by schedule or when students meet a specific condition.","url":"https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor/assets/images/addons/content-drip/thumbnail.png","base_name":"content-drip","is_enabled":1},{"name":"Tutor Multi Instructors","description":"Collaborate and add multiple instructors to a course.","url":"https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor/assets/images/addons/tutor-multi-instructors/thumbnail.png","base_name":"tutor-multi-instructors","is_enabled":0},{"name":"Tutor Assignments","description":"Assess student learning with assignments.","url":"https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor/assets/images/addons/tutor-assignments/thumbnail.png","base_name":"tutor-assignments","is_enabled":1},{"name":"Tutor Course Preview","description":"Offer free previews of specific lessons before enrollment.","url":"https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor/assets/images/addons/tutor-course-preview/thumbnail.png","base_name":"tutor-course-preview","is_enabled":1},{"name":"Tutor Course Attachments","description":"Add unlimited attachments/ private files to any Tutor course","url":"https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor/assets/images/addons/tutor-course-attachments/thumbnail.png","base_name":"tutor-course-attachments","is_enabled":1},{"name":"Tutor Google Meet Integration","description":"Host live classes with Google Meet, directly from your lesson page.","url":"https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor/assets/images/addons/google-meet/thumbnail.png","base_name":"google-meet","is_enabled":1},{"name":"Tutor Report","description":"Check your course performance through Tutor Report stats.","url":"https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor/assets/images/addons/tutor-report/thumbnail.png","base_name":"tutor-report","is_enabled":1},{"name":"Email","description":"Send automated and customized emails for various Tutor events.","url":"https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor/assets/images/addons/tutor-email/thumbnail.png","base_name":"tutor-email","is_enabled":1},{"name":"Calendar","description":"Enable to let students view all your course events in one place.","url":"https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor/assets/images/addons/calendar/thumbnail.png","base_name":"calendar","is_enabled":0},{"name":"Notifications","description":"Keep students and instructors notified of course events on their dashboard.","url":"https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor/assets/images/addons/tutor-notifications/thumbnail.png","base_name":"tutor-notifications","is_enabled":0},{"name":"Google Classroom Integration","description":"Enable to integrate Tutor LMS with Google Classroom.","url":"https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor/assets/images/addons/google-classroom/thumbnail.png","base_name":"google-classroom","is_enabled":0},{"name":"Tutor Zoom Integration","description":"Connect Tutor LMS with Zoom to host live online classes.","url":"https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor/assets/images/addons/tutor-zoom/thumbnail.png","base_name":"tutor-zoom","is_enabled":1},{"name":"Quiz Export/Import","description":"Save time by exporting/importing quiz data with easy options.","url":"https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor/assets/images/addons/quiz-import-export/thumbnail.png","base_name":"quiz-import-export","is_enabled":0},{"name":"Enrollment","description":"Enable to manually enroll students in your courses.","url":"https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor/assets/images/addons/enrollments/thumbnail.png","base_name":"enrollments","is_enabled":1},{"name":"Tutor Certificate","description":"Enable to award certificates upon course completion.","url":"https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor/assets/images/addons/tutor-certificate/thumbnail.png","base_name":"tutor-certificate","is_enabled":1},{"name":"Gradebook","description":"Track student progress with a centralized gradebook.","url":"https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor/assets/images/addons/gradebook/thumbnail.png","base_name":"gradebook","is_enabled":0},{"name":"Tutor Prerequisites","description":"Set course prerequisites to guide learning paths effectively.","url":"https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor/assets/images/addons/tutor-prerequisites/thumbnail.png","base_name":"tutor-prerequisites","is_enabled":0},{"name":"BuddyPress","description":"Boost engagement with social features through BuddyPress for Tutor LMS.","url":"https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor/assets/images/addons/buddypress/thumbnail.png","base_name":"buddypress","is_enabled":0},{"name":"WooCommerce Subscriptions","description":"Capture Residual Revenue with Recurring Payments.","url":"https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor/assets/images/addons/wc-subscriptions/thumbnail.png","base_name":"wc-subscriptions","is_enabled":0},{"name":"Paid Memberships Pro","description":"Boost revenue by selling course memberships.","url":"https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor/assets/images/addons/pmpro/thumbnail.png","base_name":"pmpro","is_enabled":0},{"name":"Restrict Content Pro","description":"Enable to manage content access through Restrict Content Pro. ","url":"https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor/assets/images/addons/restrict-content-pro/thumbnail.png","base_name":"restrict-content-pro","is_enabled":0},{"name":"Weglot","description":"Translate & manage multilingual courses for global reach.","url":"https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor/assets/images/addons/tutor-weglot/thumbnail.png","base_name":"tutor-weglot","is_enabled":0},{"name":"WPML","description":"Create multilingual courses, lessons, dashboard and more.","url":"https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor/assets/images/addons/tutor-wpml/thumbnail.png","base_name":"tutor-wpml","is_enabled":0},{"name":"H5P","description":"Integrate H5P to add interactivity and engagement to your courses.","url":"https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor/assets/images/addons/h5p/thumbnail.png","base_name":"h5p","is_enabled":0}],"current_user":[],"content_change_event":"tutor_content_changed_event","is_tutor_course_edit":"","current_page":"","quiz_answer_display_time":"2000","is_ssl":"1","course_list_page_url":"https://chembridge.org/wp-admin/admin.php?page=tutor","course_post_type":"courses","tutor_currency":{"symbol":"$","currency":"USD","position":"left","thousand_separator":",","decimal_separator":".","no_of_decimal":"2"},"local":"en_US","settings":{"monetize_by":"wc"},"max_upload_size":"2147483648","monetize_by":"wc","kids_icons_registry":[],"is_kids_mode":"","user_preferences":[],"is_legacy_learning_mode":"","course_slug":"courses","lesson_slug":"lessons","quiz_slug":"quizzes","is_tour_completed":"","post_id":"5492","best_watch_time":"0","visibility_control":{"course_builder":{"basics_options_general_admin":"on","basics_options_general_instructor":"on","basics_options_content_drip_admin":"on","basics_options_content_drip_instructor":"on","basics_options_enrollment_admin":"on","basics_options_enrollment_instructor":"on","basics_featured_image_admin":"on","basics_featured_image_instructor":"on","basics_intro_video_admin":"on","basics_intro_video_instructor":"on","basics_scheduling_options_admin":"on","basics_scheduling_options_instructor":"on","basics_pricing_options_admin":"on","basics_pricing_options_instructor":"on","basics_categories_admin":"on","basics_categories_instructor":"on","basics_tags_admin":"on","basics_tags_instructor":"on","basics_author_admin":"on","basics_author_instructor":"on","basics_instructors_admin":"on","basics_instructors_instructor":"on","curriculum_lesson_featured_image_admin":"on","curriculum_lesson_featured_image_instructor":"on","curriculum_lesson_video_admin":"on","curriculum_lesson_video_instructor":"on","curriculum_lesson_video_playback_time_admin":"on","curriculum_lesson_video_playback_time_instructor":"on","curriculum_lesson_exercise_files_admin":"on","curriculum_lesson_exercise_files_instructor":"on","curriculum_lesson_lesson_preview_admin":"on","curriculum_lesson_lesson_preview_instructor":"on","additional_course_benefits_admin":"on","additional_course_benefits_instructor":"on","additional_course_target_audience_admin":"on","additional_course_target_audience_instructor":"on","additional_total_course_duration_admin":"on","additional_total_course_duration_instructor":"on","additional_course_material_includes_admin":"on","additional_course_material_includes_instructor":"on","additional_course_requirements_admin":"on","additional_course_requirements_instructor":"on","additional_certificate_admin":"on","additional_certificate_instructor":"on","additional_attachments_admin":"on","additional_attachments_instructor":"on","additional_schedule_live_class_admin":"on","additional_schedule_live_class_instructor":"on"}},"assignment_slug":"assignments","legal_consent_display_places":["student_registration","login","checkout"]};
//# sourceURL=tutor-core-js-extra
</script>
<script id="tutor-core-js" src="https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor/assets/js/tutor-core.js?ver=4.0.7"></script>
<script id="tutor-learning-js" src="https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor/assets/js/tutor-learning-area.js?ver=4.0.7"></script>
<script id="tutor-plyr-js" src="https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor/assets/lib/plyr/plyr.polyfilled.min.js?ver=4.0.7"></script>
<script id="tutor-prism-js-js" src="https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor-pro/assets/lib/prism/prism.min.js?ver=4.0.7"></script>
<script id="tutor-prism-script-js" src="https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor-pro/assets/lib/prism/script.js?ver=4.0.7"></script>
<script id="tutor-pro-front-js" src="https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor-pro/assets/js/front.js?ver=4.0.3"></script>
<script id="tutor-pro-lesson-notes-js-extra">
var lesson_notes = [];
var lesson_notes = [];
//# sourceURL=tutor-pro-lesson-notes-js-extra
</script>
<script id="tutor-pro-lesson-notes-js" src="https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor-pro/assets/js/lesson-notes.js?ver=4.0.3"></script>
<script id="tutor-pro-learning-area-notes-js" src="https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor-pro/assets/js/learning-area-notes.js?ver=4.0.3"></script>
<script id="tutor-course-bundle-common-js-before">
var tutorProCourseBundle = {"is_course_bundle_editor":false,"course_bundle_list_page_url":"https:\/\/chembridge.org\/wp-admin\/admin.php?page=tutor","course_bundle_post_type":"course-bundle"}
var tutorProCourseBundle = {"is_course_bundle_editor":false,"course_bundle_list_page_url":"https:\/\/chembridge.org\/wp-admin\/admin.php?page=tutor","course_bundle_post_type":"course-bundle"}
//# sourceURL=tutor-course-bundle-common-js-before
</script>
<script id="tutor-course-bundle-common-js" src="https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor-pro/addons/course-bundle/assets/js/common.js?ver=4.0.7"></script>
<script id="tutor-pro-social-authentication-js-before">
var tutorProSocialLogin = {"is_enabled_google_login":false,"google_client_id":"","is_enabled_facebook_login":false,"facebook_app_id":"","page_name":""}
var tutorProSocialLogin = {"is_enabled_google_login":false,"google_client_id":"","is_enabled_facebook_login":false,"facebook_app_id":"","page_name":""}
//# sourceURL=tutor-pro-social-authentication-js-before
</script>
<script id="tutor-pro-social-authentication-js" src="https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/tutor-pro/addons/social-login/assets/js/scripts.js?ver=1788698678"></script>
<script async data-wp-strategy="async" fetchpriority="low" id="comment-reply-js" src="https://chembridge.org/wp-includes/js/comment-reply.min.js?ver=7.1"></script>
<script id="fitvids-js" src="https://chembridge.org/wp-content/themes/efor/js/jquery.fitvids.js"></script>
<script id="jarallax-js" src="https://chembridge.org/wp-content/themes/efor/js/jarallax.min.js"></script>
<script id="jarallax-video-js" src="https://chembridge.org/wp-content/themes/efor/js/jarallax-video.min.js"></script>
<script id="fluidbox-js" src="https://chembridge.org/wp-content/themes/efor/js/fluidbox/jquery.fluidbox.min.js"></script>
<script id="jqueryvalidation-js" src="https://chembridge.org/wp-content/themes/efor/js/jquery-validation/jquery.validate.js"></script>
<script id="jqueryvalidation-js-after">
(function($) { "use strict";
$.extend($.validator.messages, {
required: "This field is required.",
remote: "Please fix this field.",
email: "Please enter a valid email address.",
url: "Please enter a valid URL.",
date: "Please enter a valid date.",
dateISO: "Please enter a valid date ( ISO ).",
number: "Please enter a valid number.",
digits: "Please enter only digits.",
equalTo: "Please enter the same value again.",
maxlength: $.validator.format("Please enter no more than {0} characters."),
minlength: $.validator.format("Please enter at least {0} characters."),
rangelength: $.validator.format("Please enter a value between {0} and {1} characters long."),
range: $.validator.format("Please enter a value between {0} and {1}."),
max: $.validator.format("Please enter a value less than or equal to {0}."),
min: $.validator.format("Please enter a value greater than or equal to {0}."),
step: $.validator.format("Please enter a multiple of {0}.")
});
})(jQuery);
(function($) { "use strict";
$.extend($.validator.messages, {
required: "This field is required.",
remote: "Please fix this field.",
email: "Please enter a valid email address.",
url: "Please enter a valid URL.",
date: "Please enter a valid date.",
dateISO: "Please enter a valid date ( ISO ).",
number: "Please enter a valid number.",
digits: "Please enter only digits.",
equalTo: "Please enter the same value again.",
maxlength: $.validator.format("Please enter no more than {0} characters."),
minlength: $.validator.format("Please enter at least {0} characters."),
rangelength: $.validator.format("Please enter a value between {0} and {1} characters long."),
range: $.validator.format("Please enter a value between {0} and {1}."),
max: $.validator.format("Please enter a value less than or equal to {0}."),
min: $.validator.format("Please enter a value greater than or equal to {0}."),
step: $.validator.format("Please enter a multiple of {0}.")
});
})(jQuery);
//# sourceURL=jqueryvalidation-js-after
</script>
<script id="isotope-js" src="https://chembridge.org/wp-content/themes/efor/js/isotope.pkgd.min.js"></script>
<script id="magnific-popup-js" src="https://chembridge.org/wp-content/themes/efor/js/jquery.magnific-popup/jquery.magnific-popup.min.js"></script>
<script id="owl-carousel-js" src="https://chembridge.org/wp-content/themes/efor/js/owl-carousel/owl.carousel.min.js"></script>
<script id="imagesloaded-js" src="https://chembridge.org/wp-includes/js/imagesloaded.min.js?ver=5.0.0"></script>
<script id="collagePlus-js" src="https://chembridge.org/wp-content/themes/efor/js/jquery.collagePlus.min.js"></script>
<script id="fittext-js" src="https://chembridge.org/wp-content/themes/efor/js/jquery.fittext.js"></script>
<script id="resize-sensor-js" src="https://chembridge.org/wp-content/themes/efor/js/resize-sensor.js"></script>
<script id="sticky-sidebar-js" src="https://chembridge.org/wp-content/themes/efor/js/jquery.sticky-sidebar.min.js"></script>
<script id="efor-main-js" src="https://chembridge.org/wp-content/themes/efor/js/main.js"></script>
<script id="smooth-scroll-js" src="https://chembridge.org/wp-content/themes/efor/js/smooth-scroll.js"></script>
<script id="sourcebuster-js-js" src="https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/assets/js/sourcebuster/sourcebuster.min.js?ver=11.1.0"></script>
<script id="wc-order-attribution-js-extra">
var wc_order_attribution = {"params":{"lifetime":1.0e-5,"session":30,"base64":false,"ajaxurl":"https://chembridge.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php","prefix":"wc_order_attribution_","allowTracking":true},"fields":{"source_type":"current.typ","referrer":"current_add.rf","utm_campaign":"current.cmp","utm_source":"current.src","utm_medium":"current.mdm","utm_content":"current.cnt","utm_id":"current.id","utm_term":"current.trm","utm_source_platform":"current.plt","utm_creative_format":"current.fmt","utm_marketing_tactic":"current.tct","session_entry":"current_add.ep","session_start_time":"current_add.fd","session_pages":"session.pgs","session_count":"udata.vst","user_agent":"udata.uag"}};
var wc_order_attribution = {"params":{"lifetime":1.0e-5,"session":30,"base64":false,"ajaxurl":"https://chembridge.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php","prefix":"wc_order_attribution_","allowTracking":true},"fields":{"source_type":"current.typ","referrer":"current_add.rf","utm_campaign":"current.cmp","utm_source":"current.src","utm_medium":"current.mdm","utm_content":"current.cnt","utm_id":"current.id","utm_term":"current.trm","utm_source_platform":"current.plt","utm_creative_format":"current.fmt","utm_marketing_tactic":"current.tct","session_entry":"current_add.ep","session_start_time":"current_add.fd","session_pages":"session.pgs","session_count":"udata.vst","user_agent":"udata.uag"}};
//# sourceURL=wc-order-attribution-js-extra
</script>
<script id="wc-order-attribution-js" src="https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/assets/js/frontend/order-attribution.min.js?ver=11.1.0"></script>
<script id="pixelwars-core-shortcodes-js" src="https://chembridge.org/wp-content/plugins/pixelwars-core-shortcodes/themes/global/js/shortcodes.js"></script>
<script id="wp-emoji-settings" type="application/json">
{"baseUrl":"https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/svg/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https://chembridge.org/wp-includes/js/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=7.1"}}
</script>
<script type="module">
/*! This file is auto-generated */
var e="script#wp-emoji-settings",t=document.querySelector(e);if(!(t instanceof HTMLScriptElement))throw new Error("Element missing: "+e);const r=JSON.parse(t.text),s=(window._wpemojiSettings=r,"wpEmojiSettingsSupports"),o=["flag","emoji"];function i(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(s,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function c(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data);e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0);const r=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data);return t.every((e,t)=>e===r[t])}function p(e,t){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var n=e.getImageData(16,16,1,1);for(let e=0;e<n.data.length;e++)if(0!==n.data[e])return!1;return!0}function u(e,t,n,r){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\udde8\ud83c\uddf6","\ud83c\udde8\u200b\ud83c\uddf6")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!r(e,"\ud83e\u1fac8")}return!1}function f(e,t,n,r){let a;const s=(a="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):document.createElement("canvas")).getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(s.textBaseline="top",s.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(e=>{o[e]=t(s,e,n,r)}),o}function a(e){var t=document.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,document.head.appendChild(t)}r.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},new Promise(t=>{let n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(s));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(o),u.toString(),c.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"});const a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=e=>{i(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}i(n=f(o,u,c,p))}t(n)}).then(e=>{for(const n in e)r.supports[n]=e[n],r.supports.everything=r.supports.everything&&r.supports[n],"flag"!==n&&(r.supports.everythingExceptFlag=r.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&r.supports[n]);var t;r.supports.everythingExceptFlag=r.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!r.supports.flag,r.supports.everything||((t=r.source||{}).concatemoji?a(t.concatemoji):t.wpemoji&&t.twemoji&&(a(t.twemoji),a(t.wpemoji)))});
//# sourceURL=https://chembridge.org/wp-includes/js/wp-emoji-loader.min.js
</script>
</body>
</html>

<!-- Page cached by LiteSpeed Cache 7.9.1 on 2026-09-22 19:55:18 -->